Free Audio Book: The Descent of Man

LibriVox, an all-volunteer all-free audio book project, has just finished recording Charles Darwin’s The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. I did a few of those many chapters, the ones on arthropods and insects, of course! “My” chapters are in Part 2. There are many charming stories of how beetles squeak like mice, crabs remember their mates, and courting bristletails caress one another’s antennae.

Part 1 and Part 3 are also available. Thanks to the great team of readers, coordinators and proof-listeners for making this project happen!

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Why Ant-garden Ants Carry Seeds

Divergent Chemical Cues Elicit Seed Collecting by Ants in an Obligate Multi-Species Mutualism in Lowland Amazonia

from PLoS ONE
December 30, 2010 (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015822)

(OK, not exactly a clip. Still clearing old grad school research off the desk, and here’s the latest. Short version: Ant-garden ants carry seeds of several plant species, but it’s not because those seeds have the same chemical cues.)

Abstract

In lowland Amazonian rainforests, specific ants collect seeds of several plant species and cultivate them in arboreal carton nests, forming species-specific symbioses called ant-gardens (AGs). In this obligate mutualism, ants depend on the plants for nest stability and the plants depend on ant nests for substrate and nutrients. AG ants and plants are abundant, dominant members of lowland Amazonian ecosystems, but the cues ants use to recognize the seeds are poorly understood. To address the chemical basis of the ant-seed interaction, we surveyed seed chemistry in nine AG species and eight non-AG congeners. We detected seven phenolic and terpenoid volatiles common to seeds of all or most of the AG species, but a blend of the shared compounds was not attractive to the AG ant Camponotus femoratus. We also analyzed seeds of three AG species (Anthurium gracile, Codonanthe uleana, and Peperomia macrostachya) using behavior-guided fractionation. At least one chromatographic fraction of each seed extract elicited retrieval behavior in C. femoratus, but the active fractions of the three plant species differed in polarity and chemical composition, indicating that shared compounds alone did not explain seed-carrying behavior. We suggest that the various AG seed species must elicit seed-carrying with different chemical cues.

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In the News: Time Flies East to West

from American Scientist
January-February, 2011

This issue’s roundup looks at how an Australian culture represents the passage of time, how fear changes ecosystems, the reason that some birds have trouble watching where they’re flying, and more.

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pdf

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Speaking for the Data

Book review in American Scientist
January-February, 2011

Escape from the Ivory Tower: A Guide to Making Your Science Matter. Nancy Baron. xxii + 246 pp. Island Press, 2010. $55 cloth, $27.50 paper.

Explaining Research: How to Reach Key Audiences to Advance Your Work. Dennis Meredith. xvi + 357 pp. Oxford University Press, 2010. $35 paper.

As a child, Joanie Kleypas was drawn to the television programs of Jacques Cousteau, and they played a role in inspiring her to become a marine ecologist when she grew up. But she never dreamed that she herself would get involved in communicating science to the public. Decades later, however, she was forced into that role when her research uncovered important information. Working at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, she was one of a handful of scientists investigating the effects of rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide on ocean acidity. When the first model results came in, showing that ocean acidity would increase greatly, the realization hit her that this would pose a huge threat to marine life. She had to excuse herself from a meeting to go throw up.

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pdf

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Calorie Counters, Stand Tall

from ScienceNOW Daily News
November 12, 2010

How many French fries did that 3-mile stroll burn off? It depends on how tall you are. When walking the same distance, short people burn more calories per pound of body weight than do tall people, simply because they have to take more steps to get there.

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pdf

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Local Food, Nutrition, Hunger and Bacteria

Science Cafés Focus on Food Safety and Security

Originally posted on the Sigma Xi website
October 26, 2010

RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC — How can local food fight obesity? When do you want bacteria in your food? These and other questions will be on the table—on the dinner table in fact—on Thursday, November 11, 2010, at a series of informal science talks at bars and restaurants around the Triangle.

These free events, known as science cafés, will add scientists to the evening crowds at Mitch’s Tavern and Tir Na Nog in Raleigh, Satisfaction Restaurant in Durham and Top of the Hill in Chapel Hill.

Each venue will feature a different expert, including local researchers and a visiting scientist from the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. They’ll share their experiences and research to spark a lively discussion on the intriguing issues surrounding food safety and security in North Carolina and around the world.

Details on the presenters and locations of each café are listed below.

This special science café series is sponsored by Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society in conjunction with its Annual Meeting and International Research Conference, which this year takes place in Raleigh and features a symposium November 11-13 on Food Safety and Security: Science and Policy.

Additional support for the cafés comes from the Morehead Planetarium, the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, and the WGBH Educational Foundation.

For additional information, contact Elsa Youngsteadt at scicafe@sigmaxi.org or 919-547-5251.

Bacteria in Your Food: The Helpful and the Harmful
Thursday, November 11, 6:00 p.m.
Speaker: Sophia Kathariou, North Carolina State University
Location: Mitch’s Tavern, 2426 Hillsborough St., Raleigh

Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Safety: Can They Work Together Toward a Common Goal?
Thursday, November 11, 6:45 p.m.
Speaker: Daniel Gustafson, UN Food and Agriculture Organization
Location: Tir Na Nog, 218 S. Blount St., Raleigh

Hunger in the Midst of Plenty: Food Security in North Carolina
Thursday, November 11, 7:00 p.m.
Speakers: Maureen M. Berner, UNC School of Government, and Sharon Paynter, ECU Department of Political Science
Location: Back Bar at Top of the Hill, 100 East Franklin St., Chapel Hill

Farm to Fork: Fighting Obesity With Local Food
Thursday, November 11, 7:00 p.m.
Speaker: Alice Ammerman, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health
Location: Satisfaction Restaurant, 905 W Main St. #37, Durham

About Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society
Founded in 1886, Sigma Xi is the international honor society of research scientists and engineers, with more than 500 chapters at colleges and universities, government laboratories and industry research centers. Membership is by invitation, in recognition of research potential or achievement. Over the years, more than 200 Sigma Xi members have received the Nobel Prize. In addition to publishing American Scientist, the non-profit society awards hundreds of grants annually to student researchers and sponsors a variety of programs that support science and engineering.

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In the News: Spiders Versus Plants

from American Scientist
November-December 2010

In this roundup, we learn how spiders and plants compete for food, how bacteria sniff each other out, how dog brains got contorted during domestication, and more.

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Forget Mice, Elephants Really Hate Ants

from ScienceNOW Daily News
2 September 2010

A nose full of biting ants can really spoil your appetite. Especially if your nose is 3 meters long. African bush elephants (Loxodonta africana) avoid this discomfort by refusing to munch on acacia trees that house swarming ant colonies. Their aversion, a new study suggests, helps maintain the savanna’s delicate balance between forest and prairie.

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Creating Urban Ecosystems

from Technician
August 13, 2006

Will Hooker and his family grow 25 percent of the food they eat, and they do it on a 1/5 acre residential plot within walking distance of campus.

This fruitful back yard isn’t just a gardening project, it’s a model of the lifestyle, knowledge and ideals that Hooker, a professor of horticultural science, wants to transmit to students and the campus through landscape design classes and sustainability initiatives.

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pdf (This is just the pdf from the above website. Someday I’ll excavate and scan the original print version, complete with photos…)

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